INSY 2299 · Information Systems

Session 1: Introduction & the Big Picture

How information technology affects firms, individuals and society · What this course covers

Dominik Molitor · Fall 2026 | Session 1

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Session 1

Agenda

Click a line to jump straight to it.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Session 1

Introduction

Who we are, how to sign in, and what “information systems” means.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Introduction

Introduction – About Me

Contact info

Background

  • Joined Fordham in 2016
  • PhD in Information Systems (LMU Munich)
  • MS in Business Economics (Goethe University Frankfurt)
  • Areas of expertise: (Digital) retailing, digital/mobile advertising, privacy/cybersecurity
  • Methods: Applied econometrics/data science, field experiments
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Introduction

Introduction – About You

Contact info

  • Name?
  • Major/Concentration? (if decided)

About the class

  • Microsoft Excel/programming experience?
  • Any topics of specific interest (related to potential class content)?
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Introduction

Sign-in via Blackboard

  1. 1Go to Blackboard → Information Systems 1
  2. 2Click Attendance (Qwickly LTI Attendance), then enter the PIN on the next slide.
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Introduction

What is Information Systems?

A Definition

A coordinated set of components and resources that collects, processes, stores, and distributes information to support decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization within an organization.

Components

Typically includes hardware, software, data, procedures, and people, all working together to manage and process information efficiently. AI operates within these components.

Information Systems at the center of its components Diagram of system types: ERP (SAP, Oracle), DSS (Tableau, Power BI, Excel), MIS (Salesforce, IBM Cognos, Microsoft Dynamics) and TPS
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology

Let’s discuss this question together!

How do information technologies affect (1) firms, (2) individuals (us) and (3) society?

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (1) Firms

How Does IT Affect Firms?

  • Reach expands – internet allows to serve customers across geographic boundaries
  • Costs fall – cloud, open-source software, APIs, and AI reduce the cost of infrastructure, experimentation, and cognitive work.
  • Business models shift – products become services; ownership becomes access; pipelines become platforms; standard offerings become personalized
  • Competition accelerates – new entrants can launch and scale faster, forcing incumbents to redesign processes and customer value.
AI ApplicationManagerial Question
MarketingContent generation, personalization, and answer-engine optimizationWhen does relevance become manipulation?
FinanceResearch synthesis, forecasting, and risk analysisWho owns a model-supported recommendation?
AccountingContinuous anomaly detection and audit supportDoes broader coverage produce better assurance?

→ reveals the next point, then each managerial question.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (1) Firms

→ 5/5 Companies in the Top 5 Market Cap Ranking are Technology Companies

Top five companies by market cap: NVIDIA $5.078 T, Apple $4.574 T, Alphabet (Google) $4.147 T, Microsoft $3.685 T, Amazon $2.807 T

https://companiesmarketcap.com/ [as of 08/26/2026]

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (1) Firms

Not so long ago, other companies dominated that ranking…

TechOther
2001

Market capitalization in $ billions. Press → to step through the years; switch to “Same scale” to see how much bigger the top five have become.

2001–2017: Visual Capitalist, Bloomberg News (Bay Area News Group, “Apple keeps getting bigger”); 2017 sorted by value. 2026: companiesmarketcap.com, as of 08/26/2026.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology

Let’s discuss this question together!

How do information technologies affect (1) firms, (2) individuals (us) and (3) society?

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (2) Individuals

How Does IT Affect Individuals?

Capabilities gainedTradeoffs created
Connect and create – communicate, collaborate, and publishInformation overload, harassment, and synthetic content
Access services instantly – shop, travel, learn, and transact from anywherePlatform dependence and extensive data collection
Receive personalized experiences – more relevant content and servicesManipulation, filter bubbles, and reduced privacy
Work and learn flexibly – greater choice of location and scheduleBlurred boundaries, monitoring, and “always-on” expectations

Ask for the downside first, then press → to reveal each tradeoff.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology

Let’s discuss this question together!

How do information technologies affect (1) firms, (2) individuals (us) and (3) society?

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (3) Society

How Does IT Affect Society?

  • New governance challenges – AI, privacy, security, and sustainability
  • Cheap distribution, expensive verification – misinformation and potential erosion of shared facts
  • Concentration of data, wealth and market power – chips, computing power and energy play important role
  • Transformation of labor markets – creation, augmentation, and replacement of jobs

Artificial intelligence (e.g., Deep Fakes) will require even more discussions and policies

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (3) Society

Jobs are Bundles of Tasks

Examples

Task 1Task 2Task 3Task 4…

Impact AI: Some tasks will be augmented, some will be replaced, and some will be untouched. Moreover, there will be entirely new AI-based tasks.

More diverse tasks provide more resilience.* Narrow roles not so much…

*Especially those requiring judgement, relationships, and context

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (3) Society

Jobs are Bundles of Tasks – Example: Consultant

Click a task to label it: Augmented → Replaced → Untouched → unlabeled. Let the class vote.

Impact AI: Some tasks will be augmented, some will be replaced, and some will be untouched. Moreover, there will be entirely new AI-based tasks.

Automating some tasks makes remaining ones more valuable

https://aleximas.substack.com/p/how-will-ai-driven-automation-actually

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (3) Society

How Does IT Affect Society?

  • New governance challenges – AI, privacy, security, and sustainability
  • Cheap distribution, expensive verification – misinformation and potential erosion of shared facts
  • Concentration of data, wealth and market power – chips, computing power and energy play important role
  • Transformation of labor markets – creation, augmentation, and replacement of jobs
    • IT also creates new jobs, for example?

Artificial intelligence (e.g., Deep Fakes) will require even more discussions and policies

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (3) Society

Which other (technology) jobs did not exist 10+ years ago?

Collect answers from the room, then compare with the list on the next slide.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Effects of Information Technology · (3) Society

Examples: Six figure jobs that didn’t even exist ten years ago

JobMedian Annual SalaryEducation Level Requirement
Data Scientist$112,000Bachelor’s
Machine Learning Specialist$129,000 – $200,000Bachelor’s
SEO Specialists$86,000, but experienced professionals can earn over $115,000No, but a Bachelor’s is beneficial
AEO Specialist$91,000 – $180,000No, but a Bachelor’s is beneficial
Cloud Architect$132,000 – $200,000Bachelor’s degree and/or cloud certification
Climate Change Analyst$112,000Bachelor’s
Telemedicine Physician$240,000MD for physicians, MSN for nurse practitioner

→ reveals the salaries, then the education requirements — have the class guess first.

https://www.theladders.com/career-advice/six-figure-jobs-that-didnt-exist-ten-years-ago

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Addon

Addon – How Technologies Spread

Waves of computing, and how quickly households adopted earlier technologies.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Addon

How Technologies Spread (s-curves of adoption)

Each wave broadens access to computing – and changes what becomes inexpensive

→ adds the next wave.

Note: conceptual illustration, waves use different units (y-axis) and timelines (x-axis) of adoption.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Addon

Share of U.S. households using specific technologies

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

The course

What we will cover, how you will be evaluated, and the ground rules.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Course Themes (1/3)

Understanding Information Technology (IT): Specific technologies as well as the nature and dynamics of IT more generally

Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
chips and cloud
models and applications
training + company data
users + decision owners
rules, review, escalation
Role of AI? It depends on and touches every component

→ asks “Role of AI?” for each component.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Course Themes (2/3)

  • Understanding Information Systems (IS): Learn about specific types of information systems used in business including its conceptual background
    • Decision Support System (Sales Analyses) using MS Excel
Excel workbook 'Global Sales Analysis' with a Pareto chart of revenue by company

https://blogs.office.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Business-Analytics-1-1024x642.png

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Different IS Components

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Basic IS that processes and records daily transactions*

Enterprise Systems (ERP)

Integrating all aspects of a business

SAP ERP and Oracle E-Business Suite logos

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Helps in complex decision-making

Tableau, Power BI and Excel logos

Management Information System (MIS)

Supports managerial decision-making

Salesforce, IBM Cognos Analytics and Microsoft Dynamics CRM logos

Would an AI assistant be the fifth system type?

*Order processing (e-commerce), inventory management, payroll processing, billing and invoicing, reservation systems, etc.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Different IS Components – Workflow Example

Customer order
Payment + inventory
Fulfillment
Management action
TPSTPS records daily transactions and status
ERPThe ERP shares data across sales, finance, and operations
MIS + DSSMIS summarizes performance and exceptions
DSS compares options and supports a decision
AIAI assistant queries, explains, forecasts, and proposes actions

→ adds each system layer under the same four steps of the order.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Components of Information Systems

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Course Themes (3/3)

  • Developing Computer-Based Skills: Using IT-based tools (i.e., spreadsheets and databases) effectively to support business processes, especially managerial decision-making

MS Excel

Microsoft Excel logo

SQL (next term)

SQL with MySQL, SQLite, SQL Server, PostgreSQL and Oracle PL/SQL logos
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Learning Objectives

  • Understanding information technology concepts and trends.
  • Understanding the role of information (data!) and information systems in supporting business analytics and business processes.
  • Developing hands-on skills with IT and AI-based tools as a business professional to support managerial decision making (e.g., MS Excel).
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Course Outline

  • Introduction
  • Business Analytics (using Microsoft Excel)
  • Information Technology (IT)
    • Hardware, Software, Telecommunications and the Internet
  • IT Security and Privacy
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Session-by-Session Schedule

Submissions are always due at the day of the class at 11pm
SessionTopicPreparation
1Introduction: The Big PictureTodayRead Gallaugher, Chapter 1
2Business Analytics 1Do Excel Tutorial Module 1—no submission · Submit Excel Tutorial Module 2 on MINDTAP
3Business Analytics 2Submit Excel Tutorial Module 3 on MINDTAP
4Business Analytics 3Submit Excel Assignment #1 directly on Blackboard
5Business Analytics 4Submit Excel Assignment #2 directly on Blackboard
6Business Analytics 5Submit Tutorial Module 7 on MINDTAP
7Business Analytics 6Submit Excel Pivot Table Assignment directly on Blackboard
8Business Analytics 7
9Midterm Exam
10Technology: HardwareSubmit Tutorial Module 4 on MINDTAP · Read Gallaugher, Chapters 17 and 6
11Technology: Software/ The CloudSubmit Excel Assignment #3 directly on Blackboard · Read Gallaugher, Chapters 15 and 16
12Technology: Telecom and InternetRead Gallaugher, Chapter 20
13Security and PrivacyRead Gallaugher, Chapter 21
14Conclusion: The Big PictureRead Gallaugher, Chapter 18
Mon, Dec. 07Submit IS Deliverable directly on Blackboard
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
The Course

Course Requirements and Evaluation

Syllabus

  • Contains a lot of information
  • Please read it carefully!

Grading

Type a score (0–100) for any part to see how the weights add up.

weighted course score

ComponentWeightScorePoints
Total
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Ground Rules

Cooperation versus Dishonesty

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Ground Rules

Academic Integrity Reminder

There will be several computer-based assignments in Excel that are to be performed individually. This means that every keystroke, click, or other action taken on the computer must be performed by you personally. You are prohibited from copying another student’s spreadsheet or workbook in whole or in part.

Because these assignments are computer-based, it is easy to violate this rule and copy another student’s work electronically. But it is also very easy to detect such copying. Our graders are trained to do so, and they use special software to help them detect such copying. Many students think that they can copy work in whole or in part, and no one will ever know. But that is not even remotely true.

In the past, several students chose not to heed the warning and were caught copying other students’ work (even from other sections). As a result of our experience, we have further enhanced our detection mechanisms. Moreover, our intention is to be more vigorous in penalizing and reporting violations of Fordham’s Academic Integrity Policy. Among the possible penalties are receiving a zero on an assignment or failing the course.

If you have any questions about completing the assignments for this class, please come to speak with me for clarification. If you have any questions about the University’s Academic Integrity policy, I encourage you to speak with your class dean.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Ground Rules

AI Policy

Limited usage of generative AI tools may be allowed for specific assignments in this course, enabling exploration of ideas, complex data analysis, and creative solution development when explicitly permitted by the instructor. When using these tools, it is mandatory to clearly indicate the sections of your work that were generated using them for proper attribution and transparency and indicate the prompts and software versions that were used. It is critical to adhere to ethical standards by refraining from activities like plagiarism or creating misleading content. Additional guidelines or restrictions will be provided for specific assignments.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Ground Rules

Readings and Learning Materials (1/2)

  • You are required to have a personal computer with the Office 365 version of Microsoft Excel. You will need to bring this computer to class.
  • We will use Claude by Anthropic for Excel in the second half of the semester. You will need to purchase a paid subscription to Claude Pro ($20, one month will be sufficient). Your instructor will let you know when to purchase it.
  • Textbook: Gallaugher, John, Information Systems: A Manager’s Guide to Harnessing Technology, v. 11.0, Flatworld Knowledge (ISBN: 979-8-88794-799-0), 2025.
  • Excel: MINDTAP from Cengage (via Blackboard)
    • We will be using tutorial modules and assignments from Cengage MINDTAP that are integrated into Blackboard. You must have access to the appropriate MINDTAP materials in order to complete and submit the tutorial modules and assignments. Purchasing the corresponding book will NOT be sufficient.
    • The most economical way to access these materials is by signing up for CENGAGE UNLIMITED for one semester (4 months).
  • Additional short readings may also be assigned during the term.
INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Ground Rules

Readings and Learning Materials (2/2)

Blackboard: MindTap folder, then the Cengage MindTap link
  1. 1Go to course Blackboard and click on MINDTAP tab
  2. 2Click on “Cengage MindTap”

Student registration video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnFd7oPpY-E

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Ground Rules

Buy Cengage Unlimited (four month access)

Cengage purchase options: buy the single product, or Cengage Unlimited 4-month access (circled). Prices are covered because they have changed. Price changed Price changed

Prices have changed since this screenshot was taken. Check the current price on Cengage before you buy; Cengage Unlimited (4-month access) is still the option to choose.

INSY 2299 · Session 1Fordham University
Session 1

Logistics

  • Office hours:
  • Check Fordham email and class Blackboard regularly (slides will usually be uploaded on the evening before class)
  • To prepare/submit for the next class:
    • Submit Excel Tutorial/Module #2 by 11 pm on Friday, 09/04.
    • …we also recommend inexperienced Excel users to work through the Excel Tutorial Module #1 before the next class (no submission required!).
    • Please bring a laptop with Excel 2021 (or Office 365) to class.